APUSHCH1-Short Answer/Source

APUSAPUSHCH1-Short Answer

Short Answer

Answer each of the following questions with three or four sentences.

            1.   What were the major similarities and differences between the civilizations of Mesoamerica and Mississippian culture in the fifteenth century, just before European contact?

            2.   What factors explain the different ways in which the Indian peoples of Mesoamerica and North America developed in the era before Europeans arrived in the New World?

            3.   What factors led to the development of the transatlantic trade in African slaves in the 1600s?

Source-based Multiple Choice

The following questions refer to the following quotation.

“Moctezuma enjoyed no sleep, no food, no one spoke to him. Whatsoever he did, it was as if he were in torment. Ofttimes it was as if he sighed, became weak, felt weak. . . . Wherefore he said, “What will now befall us? Who indeed stands [in charge]? Alas, until now, I. In great torment is my heart; as if it were washed in chili water it indeed burns.” And when he had so heard what the messengers reported, he was terrified, he was astounded. . . . Especially did it cause him to faint away when he heard how the gun, at [the Spaniards’] command, discharged: how it resounded as if it thundered when it went off. And when [the shot] struck a mountain, it was as if it were destroyed, dissolved . . . as if someone blew it away. . .

And when [the Spaniards] were well settled, they thereupon inquired of Moctezuma as to all the city’s treasure . . . Much did they importune him; with great zeal they sought gold. . . . Thereupon were brought forth all the brilliant things; the shields, the golden discs, the devils’ necklaces, the golden nose crescents, the golden leg bands, the golden arm bands, the golden forehead bands.”

Friar Bernardino de Sahagún, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain, c. 1550, trans. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble, 1975

            1.   This passage best serves as evidence of which of the following?

a. The emergence of a caste system defined by Spanish settlers

b. The forces that fueled European exploration and conquest

c. The resistance Europeans faced in changing American Indian beliefs and worldviews

d. A debate among the Spanish over how “civilized” Native Americans were

            2.   Which of the following resulted most directly from events such as those described in the passage above?

a. The conversion of Native Americans to Christianity

b. The establishment of rigid, racially segregated New World population groups

c. The development of the encomienda system as a means of resource extraction

d. The formation of broad political alliances among Native American tribes encountered by Spanish explorers

            3.   Which of the following events in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries represents a continuation of the processes described in the excerpt above?

a. Indian attempts to forge political alliances with Europeans

b. The expansion of Spanish mission settlements in California

c. The Constitution’s failure to define precisely the relationship between native tribes and the national government

d. Attempts by the U.S. government to gain dominance over the North American continent through military and other means