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Chapter 44
The Resurgence of
Conservatism, 1981-1992
Chapter Themes
Leading a resurgent conservative movement to power in
Washington, Ronald Reagan vigorously pursued new-right economic and social
policies. Under Reagan and his
successor, George Bush, these policies brought both economic growth and massive
budget deficits that put severe constraints on the federal government.
The early 1980s saw a revival of Cold War confrontations,
but a revived détente between the two superpowers developed in the late
1980s. External pressure and internal
change culminated in the liberation of Eastern Europe, the collapse of the
Soviet Union, and a rough beginning for the post-Cold War “new world order.”
Chapter Summary
A. Reagan and
Republicans- 1980 and 1984 increasingly
Republican control of congress and gains in the Senate.
1.
Economic Policy-
“Reaganomics” or “supply-side” economics = lower taxes will increase
business profits which will lead to worker gains. Increase available jobs and wages paid. Business make money by increasing production
which requires workers
a.
Military Spending- increased greatly- some say led to the economic comeback.
b.
History View- a short recession leads to strong
economic gains and low inflation.
Widening of economic gaps between rich and poor. Led to largest government deficits in history
($ not % and to this point in history).
Wages remained stagnant for working families due to foreign competition
and jobs beginning to move over seas.
B. “New Right”- Reagan and Bush supported conservative social
policies
1. Affirmative
Action- Bakke case allowed for
affirmative action but did not allow race to be the sole basis of admission to
a college. Places limits on Affirmative
Action
2. Abortion- The Supreme Court grows more conservative but
upholds Roe v. Wade igniting passions on both sides
C. Cold War- confrontation with the Soviet Union expanded
American military engagement overseas.
1.
Grenada ‘83 – troops put down communist uprising
2.
Panama ’89-
“
3.
Nicaragua and El Salvador- aided conservative forces resisting leftist
groups
4.
Arms-control-
agreements reached between US and Soviet Union thawing Cold War
5.
Revolutions – popular unrest broke apart former
republics of the Soviet Union. Soviet
Union- broke into 15 separate republics after Bush took office
D. Middle East- Iranian revolution touches of unrest in the
Middle East
a.
Hostage Crisis-
Reagan trades arms for hostages in Lebanon
b.
Gulf War 1991-
The United Nations under the leadership of Pres. Bush (#41) successfully
repelled Saddam from Kuwait. Leaving
Saddam hobbled and under sanctions but in power. Fear of invading Baghdad and creating a power
vacuum leads to a negotiated settlement and U.N. oversight of Iraq.
E. Boom heads
south- The United States fresh of the victory
over Saddam suffers a recession. A tax increase and recession help defeat Bush
in the ’92 election despite a previously high approval rating of 90+
percent. Bill Clinton, a moderate
Southern Democrat, becomes the first “baby boomer” president.
Thursday, April 12, 2012
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Tuesday, April 10, 2012
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